![]() ![]() In the literature, the use of coconut shells in the generation of activated carbon, the use of shrimp shells for the extraction of chitosan, and the use of cellulose extracted from the bark of wood to generate membranes, among others, have been reported. Agro-industrial waste materials, such as straw and fruit and vegetable peels, are abundant and can be converted into biopolymers with physical, chemical, and mechanical properties similar to those of traditional polymers. Furthermore, the use of agro-industrial waste in the production of biopolymers is a promising solution to reduce waste and promote sustainability in the agriculture industry. In addition, biopolymers have the advantage of being biodegradable, which means that they break down into natural substances, thus reducing the risk of environmental contamination. The use of biopolymers can help to reduce the carbon footprint associated with traditional polymers, since they are made from renewable resources and have lower energy consumption during production. Biopolymers are made from materials such as starch, cellulose, and proteins, and have similar physical and mechanical properties to traditional polymers. ![]() Due to the problems generated by polymers of petrochemical origin, in recent years polymers based on natural sources have attracted attention for being eco-friendly materials.īiopolymers are a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers, since they are made from renewable and biodegradable raw materials. In addition to direct harm to wildlife, polymer pollution also has indirect effects on the environment, including the release of toxic chemicals into soil and water, which can harm human and animal health. It is estimated that there are between 90 and 95 million metric tons of plastic waste in the world, and more than 60% ends up in landfills, oceans, and other natural habitats. Polymer pollution is a growing environmental problem caused by the release of plastic and other synthetic materials into the environment. Electrochemical processes in biopolymers were reversible and involved two-electron transfer and were diffusion-controlled processes. The results allowed us to conclude that the cardol content and the synthesis pH were factors that affect the electrochemical behavior of biopolymer composite films. On the other hand, the equivalent circuit corresponding to the impedance behavior of biopolymers integrated the processes of electron transfer resistance, electric double layer, redox reaction process, and resistance of the biopolymeric matrix. The biopolymers showed a rich electroactivity, with three oxidation–reduction processes evidenced in the voltamperograms. The biopolymers were synthesized in the form of films and characterized by cyclic voltamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biopolymers were prepared using the thermochemical method, varying the synthesis pH and the cardol amounts. The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a biopolymer composite made from cassava starch and cardol extracted from cashew nut shell liquid. The environmental problems generated by pollution due to polymers of petrochemical origin have led to the search for eco-friendly alternatives such as the development of biopolymers or bio-based polymers. ![]()
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